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INTRODUCTION
The flora of Brazil has received more detailed attention in recent years within the scope of the long-term project "Flora do Brasil 2020", mainly about data on geographic distribution and the recognition of diagnostic characters of taxa (Forzza et al. 2012, BFG 2015, Flora do Brasil c2020). A similar research initiative has been undertaken in the state of Rio de Janeiro and valuable information for the recognition of regional biological diversity, such as data on endemism, municipalities of occurrence and habitats, has been compiled and made available for all botanical species registered for the state (Baumgratz et al. c2014).
Orchidaceae is the most diverse family in the city of Rio de Janeiro, with 79 genera and 250 species that are predominantly distributed in forest remnants in conservation units (Barberena et al. c2014). Floristic-taxonomic studies of Orchidaceae in the city of Rio de Janeiro have been carried out mainly among the rocky outcrops of the Tijuca massif and in restinga formations and have revealed the occurrence of several endemic species to the Atlantic Forest domain (Fraga et al. 2005, Cunha and Forzza 2007, Saddi 2008, Moreira et al. 2014, Louzada 2020).
Vegetation in the city of Rio de Janeiro is mostly restricted to small fragments of Atlantic Forest, many of which are urban conservation parks that provide benefits to society (e.g. recreation, leisure, contemplation of nature) and act as refuges for flora and fauna in the face of urban growth (Gomes 2014, Sakata and Gonçalves 2019). Some of the best-known postcard scenes of the city, such as Corcovado and Sugar Loaf mountains, and the Christ the Redeemer statue, are also located within urban conservation units (ICMBio c2020, INEA c2020). Nonetheless, other famous localities and neighborhoods in the city that are visited by Brazilian and foreign tourists also concentrate protected green areas, although some are little known. Thus, we carried out a floristic-taxonomic study of Orchidaceae in a remnant of Atlantic forest in a state park located near the famous beach of Copacabana in the heart of Rio de Janeiro to disseminate information about the native flora of urban conservation units.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Study area
Parque Estadual da Chacrinha (PE Chacrinha) encompasses about thirteen hectares in the neighborhood of Copacabana in the South Zone of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, a densely occupied region less than 1 km from the famous Copacabana beach (Fig. 1) (INEA c2006). The park has a narrow altitudinal gradient (5-80 m) and comprises rocky outcrops and fragments of lowland dense ombrophilous forest in medium to advanced stages of regeneration (Figs. 2a-c). The climate of the region is classified as Af, without dry season, the precipitation is greater than 2000 mm per year and the mean temperature is 22 °C for the warmest months and 18 °C for the coldest period (INEA c2006, Alvares et al. 2013).
Figure 1 Map showing the Parque Estadual Chacrinha (PE Chacrinha) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Map produced by José Antonio Lima Rocha Junior.
Figure 2 Parque Estadual da Chacrinha (PE Chacrinha) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: landscapes and species. a. Park entrance, b. Fragment of lowland dense ombrophilous forest, c. Rocky outcrop, d. Brassavola tuberculata Hook., e. Cyrtopodium flavum Link & Otto ex Rchb.f., f. Eltroplectris triloba (Lindl.) Pabst, g. Epidendrum secundum Jacq., h. Habenaria leptoceras Hook., i. Maxillaria subulata Lindl., j. Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl., k. Prescottia plantaginifolia Lindi. ex Hook., I. Trichocentrum pumilum (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams. Photos by Felipe Fajardo Villela Antolin Barberena (a-c, f, g-j, and l) and Roberto da Silva (d-e, and k).
Data collection and analysis
Occasional field expeditions covering all seasons were carried out from August 2016 to December 2019, following the method of active search (Filgueiras et al. 1994). Collected specimens were herborized according to usual taxonomy techniques (Peixoto and Maia 2013) and deposited at the RFA herbarium (acronym according to Thiers c2020). Morphological analysis and the description of the specimens were performed using a stereoscopic microscope, and structures were measured using a caliper or ruler. Specimens from herbaria RB and RFA were examined and the CRIA database (http://splink.cria.org.br/) was consulted in search of additional specimens from the park.
Collected specimens were identified based on relevant literature related to the family, including nomenclatural and taxonomic revisions (e.g. Pinheiro and de Barros 2007, 2008, Romero-González et al. 2008, Azevedo et al. 2014), as well as comparisons with types and specimens already identified by orchid experts and deposited in herbaria. An identification key and a set of brief morphological descriptions are presented for all species based on herborized material complemented with field observations. Geographical coordinates and photos are provided when available. Additional photos of the species can be found in Flora do Brasil (c2020). Inflorescences with ten or more flowers were designated as multiflowered.
The morphological concepts of Dressler (1993) and Pridgeon et al. (1999) were adopted for the description of taxa. Data on geographical distribution and phytogeographic domain were obtained from Flora do Brasil (c2020), and complementary distribution data were obtained from Govaerts et al. (c2020) for species with extra-Brazilian distributions. Species names are in accordance with IPNI (c2020).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Orchidaceae in PE Chacrinha is represented by thirteen genera and 16 species, most of which are restricted to Brazil or South America. This is the first survey of Orchida-ceae from PE Chacrinha, and thus all records are new occurrences for the area. Highlighted among the findings are the occurrences of Prescottia spiranthophylla Barb.Rodr., a microendemic species that is restricted to the rocky outcrops of the state of Rio de Janeiro, and Acianthera limae (Porto & Brade) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase and Epidendrum ammophilum Barb.Rodr., which also occur predominantly in this type of vegetation (Cunha and Forzza 2007, Vieira and de Barros 2017, Flora do Brasil c2020). Six other species were also found as rupicolous in the park - Brassavo-la tuberculata Hook.; Cyrtopodium flavum Link & Otto ex Rchb.f.; Epidendrum denticulatum Barb.Rodr.; Epidendrum secundum Jacq.; Maxillaria subulata Lindl.; and Prescottia plantaginifolia Lindl. ex Hook. Aspidogyne argentea (Vell.) Garay, Eltroplectris triloba (Lindl.) Pabst, Habenaria leptoceras Hook. and Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. were found as terrestrial, as was P. plan-taginifolia, the only species to occur on two substrates in the park. Cattleya forbesii Lindl. and Trichocentrum pu-milum (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams are the only species occurring as epiphytes. The genus with the highest number of species is Epidendrum L. (three spp.), whose richness is explained by the high number of this taxa in the world, with more than 1500 species (Chase et al. 2015, Go-vaerts et al. c2020), also being the most expressive group in similar surveys in the city of Rio de Janeiro (e.g. Cunha and Forzza 2007, Moreira et al. 2014).
The orchid flora of PE Chacrinha is relatively similar to the orchid flora of other localities of rocky outcrops of the city of Rio de Janeiro, such as the Pedra da Gávea (Saddi 2008) in the Tijuca massif, with which it shares seven species, and with the Sugar Loaf (Louzada 2020), with which it shares six species. Nevertheless, nine species recorded in PE Chacrinha are restricted to Brazil, and seven of them are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. We also found two species recorded only in the state of Rio de Janeiro (E. ammophilum and P. spiranthophylla), of the 104 restricted to this Brazilian state (Flora do Brasil c2020). Despite the small size of the park (ca. thirteen ha), we registered 16 species, which is equivalent to almost one species per hectare, showing the importance of the conservation of this area. Among the orchid species of PE Chacrinha, C. flavum and E. secundum are the only species that had their status for conservation evaluated at the national level and were classified as Least Concern (Flora do Brasil c2020). However, A. limae, B. tuberculata, C. forbesii, E. ammophilum, E. denticulatum, E. secundum, and T. pumilum have small populations (estimated at fewer than twenty individuals) in the park, and thus require local conservation actions, whereas O. maculata is the only abundant species in the area, certainly with more than 50 individuals. Landslides and illegal collection of plants are the main threats to the species in PE Chacrinha.
A first analysis of the specimens of Orchidaceae in herbaria or as live plants in collections, or even in situ, often results in misidentifications at the species level, especially for species complexes, which usually require morphometric studies (Pinheiro and de Barros 2007). The species C. flavum, E. denticulatum, E. secundum, P. plantaginifolia and P. spiranthophylla fall into this situation and deserve brief taxonomic comments.
Cyrtopodium flavum and Cyrtopodium glutiniferum Raddi belong to the Cyrtopodium andersonii complex and have several synonyms (Romero-González et al. 2008). Both species were treated as Cyrtopodium andersonii (Lamb. ex Andrews) R.Br. by Cogniaux (1902), resulting in historical problems in the delimitation of the species. A synopsis of the genus Cyrtopodium was presented by Romero-González et al. (2008), who reaffirmed the three species as autonomous. Both C. flavum and C. glutini-ferum have been found on rocky outcrops in the city of Rio de Janeiro (CRIA c2020, JABOT c2020), although with slight morphological differences. Specimens of C. glutiniferum may be misidentified as C. flavum and vice versa, since both are terricolous or rupicolous and have fusiform pseudobulbs, narrowly lanceolate to linear leaves, raceme or panicle inflorescences, and predominantly yellow flowers with obovate petals (Pabst 1966, Cunha and Forzza 2007, Chiron and Bolsanello 2013). Cyrtopodium flavum presents largely elliptical-oval sepals and a large-obovate central lobe of the lip with a retuse to emarginate apex, whereas C. glutiniferum has elliptical sepals and rhombic-triangular central lobe of the lip with an acute to obtuse apex (Romero-González 1999, Chiron and Bolsanello 2013).
Epidendrum secundum and E. denticulatum are polymorphic species (Pinheiro and de Barros 2007, 2008) frequently collected in the state of Rio de Janeiro and easily confused with each other, especially when herborized. In addition, the species sometimes occur in the same area, as seen in PE Chacrinha, which requires even more detailed morphological analysis of specimens. Both species present subcorymbiform to corymbiform racemes with pink to lilac non-resupinate flowers but can be distinguished mainly by the callus of the lip. Epidendrum secundum presents a multifaceted callus that is generally limited to the disc of the lip, whereas E. denticulatum has two basal ovoid calli and a keel-shaped central callus projected longitudinally over the central lobe, as previously reported by other authors (Pinheiro and de Barros 2007, Stancik et al. 2009).
Prescottia plantaginifolia is morphologically variable and could be confused with P. spiranthophylla, a recently reestablished species (Azevedo et al. 2014). Both species have green flowers, outer surface of lip with trichomes at the base and dorsal surface of column covered by trichomes, but P. plantaginifolia has lax inflorescences with non-overlapping flowers, whereas P. spiranthophylla has congested inflorescences with overlapping flowers (Azevedo et al. 2014). In PE Chacrinha, the species can also be distinguished by their leaves - P. plantaginifolia has petiolate, rarely sessile leaves with a lanceolate or elliptical blade, while P. spiranthophylla has sessile leaves with a linear blade. Given the above, an identification key for Orchidaceae of PE Chacrinha is needed and presented below.
Taxonomic Treatment
Key to the species of Orchidaceae in PE Chacrinha
1. Epiphytic herbs.
2. One apical leaf; inflorescence lateral, in panicle; sepals and petals maculate ........................................................................................................Trichocentrum pumilum
2. Two apical leaves; inflorescence terminal, in raceme; sepals and petals immaculate............Cattleya forbesii
1'. Terricolous or rupicolous herbs.
3. Leaves apical.
4. Two leaves......................................Maxillaria subulata
4'. One leaf.
5. Leaves maculate; inflorescence lateral; flowers calcarate ....................................................Oeceoclades maculata
5'. Leaves immaculate; inflorescence terminal; flowers ecalcarate.
6. Leaves cylindrical; sepals and petals white-yellowish to yellowish..................................Brassavola tuberculata
6'. Leaves flat to concave; sepals and petals purple......................................................................... Acianthera limae
3'. Leaves basal in rosette or distributed along the caulome.
7. Leaves reticulate-veined..............Aspidogyne argentea
7'. Leaves obscurely or distinctly parallel-veined.
B. Leaves membranaceous or chartaceous, convolute (rolled like an umbrella) or plicate (folded like a fan).
9. Leaves plicate, sepals and petals yellow to greenish-yell ow................................................Cyrtopodium flavum
9'. Leaves convolute, sepals and petals pale green to green.
10. Flowers resupinate; lip trilobed.
11. Leaves sessile; inflorescence glabrous; petals bifid............................................................Habenaria leptoceras
ll'. Leaves petiolate; inflorescence pilose; petals entire.
12. One to three leaves; flowers calcarate; lip green.................................................................... Eltroplectris triloba
12'. Five leaves; flowers ecalcarate; lip white......................................................................... Cyclopogon argyrifolius
10'. Flowers non-resupinate; lip entire.
13. Leaves petiolate, rarely sessile; leaf blade lanceolate or
elliptic; inflorescence lax; flowers not overlapping...................................................... Prescottia plantaginifolia
13'. Leaves sessile; leaf blade linear; inflorescence congested; flowers overlapping..............Prescottia spiranthophylla B'. Leaves coriaceous, conduplicate (folded along the midrib).
14. Flowers resupinate; sepals and petals green to brownish ............................Epidendrum ammophilum
14'. Flowers non-resupinate; sepals and petals pink to lilac.
15. Lip with cut-out and multifaceted callus and limited to the center of the disc.........................................................................................................Epidendrum secundum
15'. Lip with two basal oval calli and keel-like central callus projected longitudinally over the central lobe ............................................Epidendrum denticulatum
Orchidaceae in PE Chacrinha
1. Acianthera limae (Porto & Brade) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Lindleyana 16(4): 244. 2001.
Rupicolous herb. Leaf one, sessile, apical; blade green to vinaceous, immaculate, coriaceous, flat to concave, conduplicate, slightly ovate, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, 2-flowered, glabrous. Flowers resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals purple, immaculate; lip purple, slightly trilobed.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil and endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain, occurring exclusively on rocky outcrops (Flora do Brasil c2020).
Specimen examined: 23 Jan 2004 (fl), L.J.T. Cardoso 90 (RB).
2. Aspidogyne argentea (Vell.) Garay, Bradea 2(28): 203. 1977.
Terricolous herb. Leaves six, petiolate, distributed along the caulome; blade green with white veins, immaculate, membranaceous, flat, convolute, slightly ovate to lanceolate, reticulate-veined, apex acuminate. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, multiflowered, pilose. Flowers re-supinate, calcarate; sepals and petals white with brown macules; lip white, lobed (subdivided into hypochile, me-sochile and epichile).
Distribution: Paraguay and Brazil, where it occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado domains (Govaerts et al. c2020, Meneguzzo c2020a).
Specimen examined: S.d. (fl), L.J.T. Cardoso 872 (RB).
3. Brassavola tuberculata Hook., Bot. Mag 56: t. 2878. 1829. Fig. 2d
Rupicolous herb. Leaf 1, sessile, apical; blade purple to dark green, immaculate, fleshy, cylindrical, conduplicate, linear, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, 2-3-flowered, glabrous. Flowers re-supinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals white-yellowish to yellowish, immaculate; lip white, yellowish-green at the base, entire.
Distribution: Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil, in which occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado and Pampa domains (Govaerts et al. c2020, van den Berg c2020a).
Specimen examined: 31 Mar 2004 (fl), L.J.T. Cardoso & M. Moraes 135 (RB).
4. Cattleyaforbesii Lindl., Coll. Bot.: sub t. 37. 1821.
Epiphytic herb. Leaves 2, sessile, apical; blade green, immaculate, coriaceous, flat, conduplicate, oblong, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, 3-flowered, glabrous. Flowers resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals cream to pale vinaceous, immaculate; lip yellowish with vinaceous veins, trilobed.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil and endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain (van den Berg c2020b).
Specimen examined: 22°57'43" S, 43°lo'5l" W, 7 Dec 2017 (fl), R. Silva s.n. (RFA 43320).
5. Cyrtopodium flavum Link & Otto ex Rchb.f., Iconogr. Bot. Exot. 3: 7, t. 214. 1830. Fig. 2e Rupicolous herb. Leaves 6, sessile, distributed along the caulome; blade green, immaculate, chartaceous, flat, plicate, linear, parallel-veined, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescence in raceme or panicle, lateral, multiflowered, glabrous. Flowers resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals yellow to greenish-yellow, immaculate; lip yellow, trilobed.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil and endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain (Flora do Brasil c2020).
Specimen examined: 22°57'3l'' S, 43°io'47'' W, 9 Aug 2018 (fl), R. Silva s.n. (RFA 43324).
6. Cyclopogon argyrifolius (Barb.Rodr.) Szlach. & Rutk., Phylogeny Taxon. Subtr. Spiranthinae Stenorrhynchidi-nae Cyclopogoninae Centr. S. Amer.: 186. 2008.
Terricolous herb (Flora do Brasil c2020). Leaves 5, pet-iolate, distributed along the caulome; blade dark green, immaculate, membranaceous, flat, convolute, linear, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, multiflowered, pilose. Flowers resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals green, immaculate; lip white, trilobed.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil and endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain (Flora do Brasil c2020).
Specimen examined: 7 Jan 2004 (fl), L.T.J. Cardoso 446 (RB).
7. Eltroplectris triloba (Lindl.) Pabst, Bradea 1(47): 470. 1974. Fig. 2f
Terricolous herb. Leaves 1-3, petiolate, basal in rosette; biade dark green, immaculate or maculate, membranaceous, flat, convolute, oblong to elliptical, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, multiflowered, pilose. Flowers resupinate, calcarate; sepals and petals green, immaculate; lip green, trilobed.
Distribution: Argentina and Brazil, where it occurs in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga domains (Govaerts et al. C2020, Guimarães c2020).
Specimen examined: 22°57'38" S, 43°10'46" W, 5 Jul 2017 (fl), R. Silva 3 (RFA).
8. Epidendrum ammophilum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 2: 149. 1882.
Rupicolous herb. Leaves 4-10, sessile, distributed along the caulome; blade green, immaculate, coriaceous, flat to slightly concave, conduplicate, oblong, obscurely parallel-veined, apex rounded. Inflorescence in subcorym-biform to corymbiform raceme, terminal, 3-9-flowered, glabrous. Flowers resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals green to brownish, immaculate; lip white, trilobed.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil (only in the state of Rio de Janeiro) and endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain, occurring predominantly on rocky outcrops (Pessoa c2020).
Specimens examined: 7 Jan 2004 (fl), L.J.T. Cardoso 58 (RB); 22°57'39'' S, 43°10'50'' W, 9 Nov 2017 (fl), R. Silva s.n. (RFA 43317).
9. Epidendrum denticulatum Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 2: 143. 1882.
Rupicolous herb. Leaves 11, sessile, distributed along the caulome; blade green, immaculate, coriaceous, flat, conduplicate, oblong to narrow-elliptical, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescence in subcor-ymbiform to corymbiform raceme, terminal, 6-flowered, glabrous. Flowers non-resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals pink to lilac, immaculate; lip pink to lilac, yellowish at the disc, trilobed.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil, occurring in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado domains (Pessoa c2020).
Specimen examined: 10 Dec 2003 (fl), L.J.T. Cardoso 47 (RB).
10. Epidendrum secundum Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 29. 1760. Fig. 2g
Rupicolous herb. Leaves 13, sessile, distributed along the caulome; blade green, immaculate, coriaceous, flat, conduplicate, oblong to narrow-elliptical, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescence in subcor-ymbiform to corymbiform raceme, terminal, 8-flowered, glabrous. Flowers non-resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals pink to lilac, immaculate; lip pinkish to lilac, white or yellowish at the disc, trilobed.
Distribution: Central America, Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil; in this country, it occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Caatinga and Cerrado domains (Pessoa c2020).
Specimens examined: 10 Dec 2003 (fl), L.J.T. Cardoso 48 (RB); 22°57'40" S, 43°10'48" W, 4 Aug 2017 (fl), R. Silva 4 (RFA); 22°57'44'' S, 43°10'54" W, 28 Feb 2018 (fl), R. Silva s.n. (RFA 43318).
11. Habenaria leptoceras Hook., Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2726. 1827. Fig. 2h
Terricolous herb. Leaves 9, sessile, distributed along the caulome; blade green, immaculate, membranaceous, flat, convolute, lanceolate to elliptic, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, multiflowered, glabrous. Flowers resupinate, calcarate; sepals and petals pale green, immaculate; petals biid; lip pale green, trilobed.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil and endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain (Flora do Brasil c2020).
Specimen examined: 22°57'28" S, 43°10'44" W, 10 May 2017 (fl), R. Silva 2 (RFA).
12. Maxillaria subulata Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid Pl. 147. 1832. Fig. 2i
Rupicolous herb. Leaves 2, sessile, apical; blade dark green, immaculate, coriaceous, concave, conduplicate, linear, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute. Inflorescence in raceme, lateral, 1-flowered, glabrous. Flowers resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals brownish-orange with vina-ceous macules; lip brownish-orange with vinaceous macules and an atropurpureous longitudinal stripe, slightly trilobed.
Distribution: Paraguay and Brazil, where it occurs in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado domains (Flora do Brasil c2020, Govaerts et al. c2020).
Specimen examined: 14 Jun 2006 (fl), L.T.J. Cardoso & R.C. Forzza s.n. (RB 428890).
13. Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 237. 1833. Fig. 2j
Terricolous herb. Leaf 1, sessile, apical; blade green with dark green macules, coriaceous, flat to slightly concave, conduplicate, oblong to slightly elliptic, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute. Inflorescence in raceme, rarely in panicle, lateral, 7-9-flowered, glabrous. Flowers resupi-nate, calcarate; sepals and petals brownish, immaculate; lip white, pink at the lateral margins, trilobed.
Distribution: Tropical Africa and the Neotropics; in Brazil, occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Caatinga and Cerrado domains (Govaerts et al. c2020, Machnicki-Reis and Smidt c2020).
Specimens examined: 4 Mar 2004 (fl, fr), L.J.T. Cardoso 116 (RB); 22°57'40'' S, 43°10'49'' W, 12 Apr 2017 (fl, fr), R. Silva 1 (RFA).
14. Prescottia plantaginifolia Lindl. ex Hook., Exot. Fl. 2: t. 115. 1824. Fig. 2k
Rupicolous herb. Leaves 4, petiolate, rarely sessile, distributed along the caulome; blade green, immaculate, mem-branaceous, flat, convolute, lanceolate or elliptic, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, multiflowered, lax, glabrous. Flowers non-resupinate, ecalcarate, not overlapping; sepals and petals green, immaculate; lip green, entire.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil, where it occurs in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado domains (Meneguzzo c2020b).
Specimens examined: 22°57'40'' S, 43°10'51'' W, 14 Dec 2017 (fl), R. Silva s.n. (RFA 43322); 22°57'38'' S, 43°10'57'' W, 13 Jul 2018 (fl), R. Silva s.n. (RFA 43316).
15. Prescottia spiranthophylla Barb.Rodr., Gen. Sp. Or-chid.1: 177. 1877.
Rupicolous herb. Leaves 6, sessile, distributed along the caulome; blade green, immaculate, subchartaceous, flat, convolute, linear, obscurely parallel-veined, acute apex. Inflorescence in raceme, terminal, multiflowered, congested, glabrous. Flowers non-resupinate, ecalcarate, overlapping; sepals and petals green, immaculate; lip green, entire.
Distribution: Restricted to Brazil (only in the state of Rio de Janeiro) and endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain, occurring exclusively on rock outcrops (Meneguzzo c2020b).
Specimen examined: 22°57'31'' S, 43°10'47'' W, 9 Nov 2017 (fl), R. Silva s.n. (RFA 43323).
16. Trichocentrum pumilum (Lindl.) M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 16(2): 138. 2001. Fig. 2l
Epiphytic herb. Leaf 1, sessile, apical; blade green, immaculate, coriaceous, flat, conduplicate, oblong to narrow-elliptical, obscurely parallel-veined, apex acute. Inflorescence in panicle, lateral, multiflowered, glabrous. Flowers resupinate, ecalcarate; sepals and petals yellow with brown macules; lip yellow with vinaceous macules, trilobed.
Distribution: Argentina and Brazil, in which occurs in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado domains (Meneguzzo c2020c).
Specimen examined: 22°57'47'' S, 43°10'48'' W, 9 Nov 2017 (fl), R. Silva s.n. (RFA 43319).
With these indings we aim to raise awareness among the local population about the importance of conserving regional flora and stimulate visits and valuation of environmental education and ecotourism actions in PE Chacrinha to include the conservation unit in the tourist itinerary of the city of Rio de Janeiro.
