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Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría
Print version ISSN 0034-7450
Abstract
EL-DIN MATAR, Hosam; QUTAYBA ALMERIE, Muhammad; GIRALDO, Ana María and ADAMS, Clive E. Oral fluphenazine versus placebo for schizophrenia: a Cochrane systematic review of 40 years of randomised controlled trials. rev.colomb.psiquiatr. [online]. 2007, vol.36, n.1, pp.8-17. ISSN 0034-7450.
Background: Fluphenazine, one of only three antipsychotics on WHO´s list of essential drugs, has been widely available for five decades. Quantitative reviews of its effects compared with placebo are rare and out of date. Methods: We searched for all relevant randomised controlled trials comparing oral administration of fluphenazine with placebo on the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group´s register of trials (October 2006) and in reference lists of included studies. Data were extracted from reliably selected trials. Where possible, we calculated fixed effects relative risk (RR), the number needed to treat (NNT), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: We found over 1200 electronic records for 415 studies. Ninety papers were acquired; 59 were excluded and the remainder were reports of the seven trials we could include (total participants=349). Compared with placebo, in the short-term, global state outcomes for ‘not improved’ were not significantly different (n=75, 2 RCTs, RR 0.71 CI 0.5 to 1.1). There is evidence that oral fluphenazine, in the short term, increases a person´s chances of experiencing extrapyramidal effects such as akathisia (n=227, 2 RCTs, RR 3.43 CI 1.2 to 9.6, NNH 13 CI 4 to 128) and rigidity (n=227, 2 RCTs, RR 3.54 CI 1.8 to 7.1, NNH 6 CI 3 to 17). We found study attrition to be lower in the oral fluphenazine group, but data were not statistically significant (n=227, 2 RCTs, RR 0.70 CI 0.4 to 1.1). Conclusions: Fluphenazine is an imperfect treatment with surprisingly few data from trials to support its use. If accessible, other inexpensive drugs, less associated with adverse effects, may be a better choice for people with schizophrenia. It is time for the World Health Organisation to revise their list of essential antipsychotic drugs.
Keywords : Fluphenazine; schizophrenia; antipsychotics.