Abstract

JIMENEZ FADUL, Ana María  and  CORTES MILLAN, Juan Carlos. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents in the emergency department. Iatreia [online]. 2013, vol.26, n.3, pp.325-335. ISSN 0121-0793.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most frequent complication in children with type 1 diabetes. DKA is due to a partial or complete insulin deficit, associated with an increase of counter-regulatory hormones, which leads to the biochemical alterations that define the disease: hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis and ketonemia. Most DKA related deaths are caused by complications associated with the initial treatment. To prevent complications, an adequate assessment in the emergency service is essential; gradual reposition of fluids, dextrose supplementation during hydration, and insulin therapy are necessary. This paper is a critical review of the physiopathology, clinical manifestations, treatment and main complications of DKA.

Keywords : Children and Adolescents; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

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