Abstract

HUERTAS-MOLINA, Oscar Felipe; LONDONO-VASQUEZ, Daniela  and  OLIVERA-ANGEL, Martha. Hyperketonemia: Biochemistry of volatile fatty acid production and its hepatic metabolism. rev.udcaactual.divulg.cient. [online]. 2020, vol.23, n.1, e1304.  Epub June 30, 2020. ISSN 0123-4226.  https://doi.org/10.31910/rudca.v23.n1.2020.1304.

Bovine hyperketonemia or ketosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), Acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetone) in periparturient dairy cows. A Negative Energy Balance (NEB) is identified as the primary cause of the disease, which is triggered by the excessive increase of energy requirements or the presence of postpartum diseases, resulting in the appearance of clinical signs or decreased milk production. The purpose of this review is to describe the rumen’s biochemical Process and the physiopathological mechanisms involved in the excessive production of ketone bodies. After conducting a literature review, a physiological model was carried out in order to understand the relationship between the rumen and liver functions with lipolysis induction and increased CPT-1 activity. The above may result in the overproduction of Acetyl-CoA, which together, with the lack of propionate and oxaloacetate (gluconeogenesis and Krebs cycle precursors), leads to the pathological production of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate.

Keywords : negative energy balance; ketosis; ketone bodies; dairy cattle.

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