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Acta Neurológica Colombiana
Print version ISSN 0120-8748On-line version ISSN 2422-4022
Abstract
CAMPUZANO CORTINA, Sofia; GOMEZ RUIZ, Isabela and SUAREZ ESCUDERO, Juan Camilo. Cognitive impairment of vascular origin and sporadic vascular dementia: an evidence-based narrative topic review. Acta Neurol Colomb. [online]. 2022, vol.38, n.3, pp.172-181. Epub Oct 24, 2022. ISSN 0120-8748. https://doi.org/10.22379/24224022422.
INTRODUCTION:
Cerebrovascular disease and dementias are linked by cognitive impairment and dementia of vascular origin. Potentially preventable health conditions capable of generating disability, especially in the older adult population.
METHODOLOGY:
The purpose is to characterize the cognitive impairment of vascular origin and the spectrum of sporadic vascular dementia, through a review of the topic with a neurocognitive emphasis.
RESULTS:
Between 30 % to 40 % of people with cerebrovascular disease acquire some degree of cognitive impairment. After three months of having experienced a cerebrovascular disease, about 20 % to 30 % of patients will be diagnosed with dementia and between 10 % and 35 % with cognitive impairment. Vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia have several factors common to cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Vascular dementia has subtypes: multi-infarct dementia characterized by several cerebral infarcts that accumulate over time; dementia due to strategic infarction, where there are infarcts located in cortico-subcortical areas with great connectivity; and dementia due to ischemic disease of the small arteries, produced by lacunar infarcts or diffuse lesions of the white matter, which mainly affect processing speed and executive functions.
CONCLUSIONS:
Cognitive impairment in people with cerebrovascular disease involves losses in the performance of one or several higher mental functions, a situation that can evolve to dementia, where a permanent deficit in mental functions significantly affects performance and functioning. However, it is a topic that allows to speak and actively promote the control and / or modification of cardiovascular risk factors.
Keywords : Cerebrovascular Disorders; Stroke; Vascular Dementia; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cerebral Infarction (MeSH).