Abstract

ROSSELLO, Eduardo Antonio; OSORIO, Jairo Alonso  and  LOPEZ-ISAZA, Sergio. The argilokinetic diapirism of the Colombian Caribbean Margin: a review of its sedimentary conditioning factors applied to hydrocarbon exploration. Bol. geol. [online]. 2022, vol.44, n.1, pp.15-48.  Epub Jan 25, 2022. ISSN 0120-0283.  https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v44n1-2022001.

The morphology and evolution of diapirs and mud volcanoes in the Colombian Caribbean Margin (MCC) located in transgressive Cretaceous to Neogene sedimentary sequences are analyzed in this paper. They are extrusive structures by argilokinesis that show the release of overpressure and fluidized sediments by water and/or hydrocarbons that pierce the surface. From the analogical modeling of the determining factors of origin and geometry, the diapirism mechanisms depend on: i) the lower density of the underlying generating levels compared to the overlying sequences, and ii) the weak sedimentation rates of the overlayered sequences. The progressive exhumation of the Sinú-San Jacinto Belt from the Oligo-Miocene period due to the dextral transpressive tectonic convergence between the South American and Caribbean plates, generated a barrier to sedimentary transport to the North of the Paleo Cauca River. This interruption prevented its direct discharge, forcing it to coalesce into the Magdalena River, increasing the volume of its delta. A provincialism of diapirism is proposed based on the differences in rates and chronologies of the progradation of denser sediments on pelitic sequences associated with conspicuous types of folds: a) to the north (San Jacinto Belt), tangential compressional type with a double plunge, and oriented subparallel to the Caribbean coast, and b) to the south (Sinú Belt), gravitational type with wide synclines and tight anticlines. Better knowledge of the 4D evolution of MCC diapirism contributes to the potential of the underlying oil systems and the prevention of environmental risks in exploratory maneuvers.

Keywords : Mud diapirism; Tectosedimentation; Cretaceous-Neogene; Petroleum systems; Environmental risks; Colombia.

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