Introduction:

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is a vector for dengue and chikungunya viruses in the field, along with around 24 additional arboviruses under laboratory conditions. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of insect vectors is critical for the effective control and elimination of vector-borne diseases.

Objective:

We determined the current scenario of the genetic diversity in natural populations of A. albopictus through a systematic review.

Methodology:

It was possible to establish the first reports and distribution of A. albopictus populations in the world, as well as its genetic diversity, population genetic structure and molecular markers used to determine its genetic diversity.

Results:

A. albopictus is distributed worldwide with genetically structured populations and low diversity; however, 89.5% of the genetic diversity known is based on the use of RFLP, allozymes, isozymes, and mtDNA molecular markers that exhibit significant problems according to the literature. After the results were obtained, a critical analysis was carried out and existing shortcomings were detected.

Conclusion:

The current knowledge of genetic diversity of A. albopictus is based on genetic markers that exhibit significant problems reported in the literature; therefore, vector control programs targeting A. albopictus populations, may be compromised.