Abstract

PINO-VARGAS, Edwin Martin  and  ASCENCIOS, David Ricardo. Sustainability of olive cultivation under a climatological approach in an arid region at the Atacama Desert. Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecuaria [online]. 2022, vol.23, n.3, e2652.  Epub Oct 30, 2022. ISSN 0122-8706.  https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol23_num3_art:2652.

The Tacna region, Peru, characterized by its hyper-aridity, is located at the head of the Atacama Desert, where agriculture is one of the main economic sectors and climate change causes great impacts, especially on the sustainability of olive cultivation reflected in low olive production. In this work we seek to identify the sustainability of olive cultivation in the Tacna region, based on a climatological approach, correlating the production of the crop with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The sustainability of the crop is directly related to the climate, with temperature being the main factor, with thermal tolerance amplitude from -7 to 40 °C, optimal amplitude between 15 and 25 °C and amplitude in the study region between 7 and 32 °C, which we consider adequate according to the established ranges, obtaining relatively high yields, compared to other regions of the world. For its part, the ENSO phenomenon, identified in the years of low production 1980, 1983, 1992, 1998, 2009, 2015 and 2016, reported production volumes that are drastically reduced. A very marked case occurred in 1998, in which national (Peru) and regional (Tacna) production fell to 1.5 and 1.0 thousand tons (t), while the maximum values correspond to 190, 0 and 148.0 thousand tons, respectively, for the period 1979 – 2020, respectively. Towards the year 2025, local and national production converge, representing that the local would be 100 % of the national.

Keywords : agroexport; climatology; Olea europaea; olive production; technological change.

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