Abstract

GARCIA, Manuela Antonia; RUEDA, Julieth  and  PEDROZA-DIAZ, Johanna. Prostasomas: search of biomarkers for the early detection of prostate cancer. TecnoL. [online]. 2019, vol.22, n.44, pp.131-148. ISSN 0123-7799.  https://doi.org/10.22430/22565337.1181.

Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed disease among men worldwide, with a growing mortality rate in recent years. Currently, two methods can be used for early detection: prostate-specific antigen blood tests and digital rectal exams. However, their specificity and detection sensitivity are not optimal. Although several studies have searched for new biomarkers by implementing technologies such as next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry, the same disadvantages persist. For that reason, biomarkers are not allowed in clinical practice and, therefore, discovering new ones to diagnose prostate cancer is a challenge for the scientific community.

Prostasomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by healthy or tumoral prostatic tissue that can be detected in different fluids. Prostasomes are different from other exosomes in size, membrane composition, and specific protein content, which makes them a potential and novel source of clinical biomarkers.

In such context, this review article presents a general overview of protein biomarkers isolated from prostasomes present in different biological fluids for the possible diagnosis of prostate cancer. For that purpose, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed to find proteomic studies regarding prostate cancer using terms such as extracellular vesicles, exosomes, prostasomes, blood, urine, and seminal fluid, among other biological samples.

Keywords : Biomarkers; Prostate Cancer; Extracellular Vesicles; Prostasomes; Proteins..

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