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Revista Colombiana de Nefrología
On-line version ISSN 2500-5006
Abstract
ESPINOSA FUENTES, Guillermo Austreberto; JULIAN HERNANDEZ, Yazmín Jocelyn; LOPEZ LIEVANOS, Miguel Ángel and BERUMEN LECHUGA, María Guadalupe. Screening chronic kidney disease in long-standing diabetic patients at a primary care unit UMF 222. Rev. colom. nefrol. [online]. 2022, vol.9, n.1, 203. Epub Jan 01, 2022. ISSN 2500-5006. https://doi.org/10.22265/acnef.9.1.543.
Background:
Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), however, there are no data available about the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the early stages in Mexico. A key role in first level attention consists in performing timely screenings for diseases such as CKD. In most cases CKD is underdiagnosed in early stages, because it is asymptomatic.
Purpose:
To determine the frequency of CKD in long-standing diabetes type 2
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. We included 263 patients with diabetes type 2 with at least 5 years of evolution, not undergoing renal function replacement therapy. The variables of this study were: sociodemographic characteristics and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate through the CKD-EPI equation. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages. For continuous variables, mean and standard deviation were reported. The significance of differences between groups was assessed by Student's t-test or square chi or Fisher's exact test, and p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
the KDIGO classification has 5 stages. The results regarding the degree of glomerular filtration: stage 1 with 39.5% (95% CI, 34.2-45.6) , stage 2 with 38.8% ( 95% CI, 32.77-44.5),stage 3a with 8% ( 95% CI, 4.9-11.4), stage 3b with 5.7% (95% CI, 3.4-8.7), grade 4 with 6.8% (95% CI, 3.8-9.9) and stage 5 with 1.1% (95% CI 0.0-2.7). The average age was 69.26 ± 11.01 in the group with CKD. Male gender predominated in the group CKD with 34 (59.6%) and 23 (40.3%), for female. Regarding comorbidities, hypertension arterial and treatment when analyzed for either absence or presence of CKD were statistically significant. The same findings can be obtained in laboratory results.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of suspected CKD in our population is 21%, at least 1 in 5 diabetic patients with ≥5 years of evolution suffer a decrease in GFR; however, we cannot consider it to be CKD until the presence of kidney damage is assessed and confirmed at 3 months.
Keywords : Diabetes Mellitus type 2; screening; chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI equation..