1. Regarding Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs, the first intervention performed with this program was1:
2. In the area of patient safety, which of the contributing factors related to so-called reportable events with unwanted effects (REUE) has the highest incidence rate?2
Work environment factors (workload).
Communication problems between work teams and team structure.
Complexity of the pathologies treated number of comorbidities and advanced age.
Individual factors, such as lack of or inadequate training.
3. The occurrence of preventable reportable events is associated with unfavorable legal or ethical decisions in civil, ethical, and administrative medical liability processes in Colombia. Which of the following specialties has the least risk of being the object of medical-legal lawsuits?3
4. Pediatric patients intubated in mechanical ventilation are considered to be responsive to a volume load when the increase in the inferior vena cava distensibility index is above4:
5. In the placement of an interscalene block, which of the following conditions is an intraneural puncture signal very close to or within the fascicule?5
Stimulation at intensities of <0.3 mA (with a frequency of 2 Hz and a pulse duration of 100 ms) and an injection pressure of >15 psi (measured with a manometer in the line, placed before the syringe).
Stimulation at intensities of <0.5 mA (with a frequency of 1 Hz and a pulse duration of 200 ms) and an injection pressure of >20 psi (measured with a manometer in the line, placed before the syringe).
Stimulation at intensities of <0.2 mA (with a frequency of 2 Hz and a pulse duration of 10 ms) and an injection pressure of >10 psi (measured with a manometer in the line, placed before the syringe).
Stimulation at intensities of <0.3 mA (with a frequency of 1 Hz and a pulse duration of 200 ms) and an injection pressure of 25 psi (measured with a manometer in the line, placed before the syringe).
6. In the algorithm proposed by X. Sala-Blanch, A. López, and C. Vandepitte,5 performing a peripheral nerve block includes all the following except:
Evaluation of the patient.
Nerve stimulation.
Injection pressure monitoring no greater than >25psi.
Visualization of local anesthetic propagation.
7. A 63-year-old non-insulin-required diabetic patient has a right shoulder reverse prosthesis implanted under general anesthesia, after interscalene blockage under sedation. Two weeks later, during control visit, he describes a loss of strength in all his upper right extremity, inability to bend his fingers except the thumb, index, and heart, with predominant numbness of the ring and pinky finger and dynamic allodynia in the distal ulnar region, with change of color and temperature in the right hand, in contrast with the left hand. Intraneural root lesion is suspected for5:
8. According to the systematic literature review by F. Calderón-Ochoa, A. Mesa Oliveros, G. Rincón Plata, and I. Pinto Quiñones, when comparing the effectiveness and safety of exclusive spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine vs. sciatic-femoral block in the postoperative period of patients of knee arthroscopy, the incidence of urinary retention with spinal anesthesia is close to6:
9. In the study by K. Estrada-Orozco, H. Gaitán-Duarte, S. Moreno, and J. Moreno-Chaparro on unwanted reportable events in the surgical population, it was their most frequent place of occurrence is in2:
10. The gold standard for the measurement of right ventricular function, due to its complex geometry, is4:
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