Abstract

LONDONO RESTREPO, Johanna; MACIAS OSPINA, Isabel Cristina  and  OCHOA JARAMILLO, Francisco Luis. Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections by multidrug resistant bacteria, in a tertiary care hospital in Medellín, 2011-2014 . Infect. [online]. 2016, vol.20, n.2, pp.77-83. ISSN 0123-9392.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infect.2015.09.002.

Objective: To establish the clinical factors associated with healthcare-acquired infections (HAI) for multidrug resistance in patients hospitalised at a private clinic in the city of Medellín, between 2011 and 2014. Methods: We conducted a case control study, including 200 patients: 50 cases (HAI by MDRO), and 150 controls (HAI by susceptible bacteria). The information was obtained from records provided by the surveillance system, the institution's clinical laboratory and the patients' medical records. Results: Surgical site infections and urinary tract infection were the most frequent, microorganisms with more resistance were Pseudomonas aeruginosa , followed by Staphylococcus aureus and enterobacterias (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) . The risk factors associated with infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria were: Hospital stay > 6 days (ORa: 3, 95% CI : 1.1 - 7.9), the use of bectalactamic antibiotics (ORa: 22.5; 95% CI: 2.9-171.7) and connected mechanical ventilation > 5 days (ORa: 4.5; 95% CI: 1.8-11.4). Discussion: The risk factors were similar to those in the international literature, except for age, in which no difference was found between groups. The study identified risk factors for major infections associated with healthcare in general and did not discriminate by type of infection or a specific germ. In addition, our results may help institutions to develop protocols based on rational use of antibiotics, management of medical devices and more.

Keywords : Risk factors; Cross infection; Bacterial drug resistance.

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