Abstract

PINTO CALACA, Irene Zasimowicz; CARNEIRO DE FREITAS, Patrícia Jorge; DA SILVA, Sérgio Augusto  and  MALUF, Fabiano. Nature as subject of rights: a bioethical analysis of the Constitutions of Ecuador and Bolivia. rev.latinoam.bioet. [online]. 2018, vol.18, n.1, pp.155-171. ISSN 1657-4702.  https://doi.org/10.18359/rlbi.3030.

The philosophies of Pachamama and good living are points of reference for indigenous peoples and are present in the constitutions of Ecuador and Bolivia, to harmonize cultural differences and add traditions to local politics. The philosophies take as a base an Andean myth: the one who believes that nature is a living organism and subject of rights and make room to the biocentric vision of the world, shared by global bioethics. Nature no longer manages to recompose itself for the biotechnological innovations imposed by man, which forces humanity to find new paradigms, the New Latin American Constitutionalism, represented by the constitutions, is one of them. This article describes and critically analyzes these two constitutions, relating them to the worldview of the Pachamama and the philosophy of good living in the context of global bioethics. In this sense, the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, by associating bioethics as a particular normative field in the attention and care of life and health, with human rights as a basic universal normative field of moral and legal obligations for all forms of living humanly, presents the fundamental values of a global ethic sustained by human dignity, equality of rights, freedom, justice, fraternity and peace, as defended in article 17, of the protection of the environment, of the biosphere and biodiversity.

Keywords : Environment; nature; bioethics; sustainability.

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