Abstract

SALAZAR TRUJILLO, Boris  and  ORDONEZ, Luis Aurelio. Transforming Education: Lessons from the United States, Finland, South Korea, Brazil and Chile. Soc. Econ. [online]. 2016, n.30, pp.171-195. ISSN 1657-6357.

Although there is no a definitive method to appraise long-run educational reforms or policies, we claim that it is possible to find a set of regularities concerning the dynamics of educational reforms so as to assess their flexibility, transformational power, coherence and capacity to mobilize the highest amount of social, human, intellectual, economic and cooperative resources. We found that successful and deeply transformational reforms have been the product of human action and not of human design, and that flexibility, social cohesion, community involvement and the adoption of complex adaptive systems are the foundations for successful and enduring educational reform. Finland is a good example of the first type, Chile and Korea of failed reforms. and the United States is a special case, since it has managed to maintain its advantage in higher education, despite the weakness of their basic education.

Keywords : Educational reform; higher education; complex adaptive systems.

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