Introduction:

This study aimed to investigate and compare measures implemented during the smallpox epidemics in Santiago (1787), Concepción (1789), and Santafé (1782/1802). In addition, we also tried to understand how the study of these epidemics could help identify an approach for managing the current public health challenge, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development:

The article is divided into three parts: the first part studies the hygienic measures that were taken to face and prevent the epidemics as well as compares the role played by local actors in each region; the second part studies the processes of searching and acquiring smallpox vaccine in Santafé and Santiago; and the third part reflects on the current pandemic scenario.

Conclusions:

Through comparative analysis, we evaluated the similarities in the application of transcolonial agenda in each territory and the differences brought about by local and transcolonial processes implemented for its domestication. Furthermore, we highlighted particular processes conducted for managing and treating COVID-19 as well as lessons learnt from this case study about the need of dealing with COVID-19 from a global perspective.

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