Resumen

RODRIGUEZ BUENAHORA, Ruben Dario et al. Acinetobacter baumannii: emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen. Medicas UIS [online]. 2016, vol.29, n.2, pp.113-135. ISSN 0121-0319.  https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v29n2-2016010.

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic gram-negative bacillus, classified by the American Society of Infectious Diseases as one of the six major multiresistant microorganisms worldwide. In Colombia, according to reports from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection, within the MDR microorganisms isolated in intensive care units in the country in 2014, A. baumannii accounted for 3.1%. Objective: to review the relevant aspects of the epidemiology, natural habitat and virulence risk factors for infection by A. baumannii, its clinical manifestations and different mechanisms of multidrug resistance, current management strategies and developing to address this microorganism and mechanisms to prevent and control the appearance of it. Methodology: search in the LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Imbiomed, Cochrane, ClinicalKey, Virtual Health Library of 890 data items were selected 254. Results: Acinetobacter species can be isolated from animate and inanimate objects. They grow in almost any soil samples and fresh water. In the hospital environment, these microorganisms have been isolated from humidifiers, ventilation equipment, laryngoscope blades, curtains, skin health personnel, mattresses, cushions and other equipment. Virulence factors have not been elucidated at all, including OmpaA outer membrane protein, lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides, outer membrane vesicles, phospholipase C and D and alteration of penicillin binding proteins are. The clinical manifestations are varied, mainly in environment associated with health care. Its mechanism of resistance are many, which are grouped into three categories: antimicrobial-inactivating enzymes, limiting access to bacterial and mutations that alter cell functions targets or targets. Carbapenems are still regarded as agents of choice for serious infections by A. baumannii, with additional therapeutic options such as sulbactam, tobramycin, amikacin, tigecycline, minocycline, doxycycline and colistin. Researchers have reported outage of A. Baumannii after the strengthening of measures for prevention and control of infections, such as hand hygiene, use of barrier methods (masks, gloves, etc.) and thorough cleaning and disinfection of the hospital environment. In other cases the transfer is more difficult to terminate, requiring isolation of patients, caregivers allocation for surveillance, active surveillance cultures and closing units. Conclusions: in the primary treatment of patients according to the location of the infection and the resistance pattern present in the strains of the particular unit. It is important to create institutional protocols for therapeutic steps, considering the site of infection, severity of the patient's own strain sensitivity of each institution and previous use of antibiotics. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):113-35.

Palabras clave : Acinetobacter baumannii; Gram-negative Bacteria; Epidemiology; Risk factors; Drug Resistance Bacterial; Virulence.

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