Resumen

VINAS, María  y  M. JIMENEZ, Víctor. Factors affecting in vitro somatic embryogenesis of palms (Arecaceae). Rev. colomb. biotecnol [online]. 2011, vol.13, n.2, pp.229-242. ISSN 0123-3475.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an in vitro developmental pathway that exhibits a number of advantages over other techniques for regeneration of palms. This technique has great potential to overcome the limitations observed when trying to propagate these plants clonally using basal buds. Despite the known recalcitrance of palms for in vitro culture, good results can be obtained by using the appropriate growth regulators, explant type and developmental stage, as well as responsive genotypes. This has been partially observed in Phoenix dactylifera (date palm), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm), Bactris gasipaes (peach palm) and Cocos nucifera (coconut). Efficient protocols have been also generated in less-studied palms, such as Geonoma gamiova (an ornamental palm), Euterpe edulis (Assai palm) and Areca catechu (areca palm). Induction of SE has been achieved mainly through the use of auxins. Of these, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been used most frequently, although in some cases (such as in peach palm and African oil palm) picloram and dicamba have been employed also with good results. The most commonly used explants are young inflorescences, apical buds and leaf-basal segments. Explant size and culture medium also play an important role in obtaining good results. This review presents a compilation of the most important publications on SE in this plant family and the effect of various factors on induction and development of this pathway.

Palabras clave : explant; genotype; plant growth regulators; regeneration..

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