Resumen

SINUCO, Diana C.; PEREZ, Andrés C.  y  MORENO, Nubia. Evaluation of fungicidal activity and identification of volatile organic compounds released by Trichoderma viride. Rev. colomb. biotecnol [online]. 2017, vol.19, n.1, pp.63-70. ISSN 0123-3475.  https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v19n1.65969.

The secondary metabolites produced by fungi widely vary in structure and function, providing a rich source of biologically active compounds with applications in farming, pharmacology and food processing. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a biologically relevant class of secondary metabolites, since they are suspected of playing a crucial role in the communication between microorganisms. In this work, we use a test headspace chamber to evaluate the VOCs mediated antifungal activity of T. viride against Fusarium sp. and Colletotricum gloeosporiodes. We observed that VOCs produced by T. viride interact with both fungi affecting the growth halos of Fusarium sp. and modifying the colour of Colletotricum gloeosporiodes. The VOCs responsible for this activity were identified using three extraction techniques: Dynamical Headspace (DHS), Static Headspace (SHS) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), all of them analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). DHS and SHS identified alcohols and lactones as VOCs, while with LLE we found a large number of alcohol components and several organic acids. All three techniques identified benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one and, for the first time associated to T. viride, gama-butirolactone. After comparison between these extraction techniques, we established that DHS provides the most accurate simulation of biological activity in the test chamber, which reflects in a reliable identification of the VCOs with antifungal activity.

Palabras clave : Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs); Fusarium sp.; Colletotricum gloeosporioides; gama-butirolactone.

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