Resumen

GARZON, J. E  y  CARDENAS, E. A. ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS OF AMMONIA, NITRATES AND NITROUS OXIDE: NITROGEN COMPOUNDS THAT AFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE COLOMBIAN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR. Rev. Med. Vet. Zoot. [online]. 2013, vol.60, n.2, pp.121-138. ISSN 0120-2952.

Climate change is a global effect currently present with several causes, such as the increased of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and its influence on the planet. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a gas with a global warming potential 298 times greater than CO, which comes of many sectors, one of them is the agriculture and livestock through the use of nitrogen fertilizers. This use not only increases N₂O emissions, its affects all stages of the nitrogen cycle, being important to observe the interactions between their reactions (ammonification, nitrification, denitrification etc.) to understand the effects over nitrate leaching, ammonia volatilization and N₂O emissions, three natural chemicals that affect the environment. In Colombia, IDEAM reports that for 2004, the national agricultural sector produced 94.91 Gg of N₂O, knowing the agricultural and livestock productions use high quantities of nitrogen fertilizers, with low assimila₂tion rates. Therefore, some adaptable practices and methodologies become important to measure and mitigate these emissions in the field, seeking greater efficiency in the transformation of nitrogen components in the system, being reviewed on this paper the appropriate land management or implementation of natural nitrification inhibitors (present in some tropical plants) or chemical inhibitors, such as nitrapyrina, DCD and NBPT (as an ammonification inhibitor). This is a literature review that approaches the environmental problems of livestock.

Palabras clave : climatic change; nitrous oxide; ammonia; nitrates; mitigation.

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