Introduction:

Dipyrone has been positioned in several countries as one of the first over-the-counter options for pain management. Its possible adverse effects are known worldwide; among them, agranulocytosis is the most lethal, with a mortality of approximately 10% and an associated risk of 1 per 1,000,000 patients.

Clinical findings, interventions, and outcomes:

A case of a patient who, after 23 days of using dipyrone for pain management, developed a progressive drop in leukocyte count. Other potential causes of the event were ruled out. After dipyrone discontinuation, leukocyte counts returned to their normal values.

Conclusion:

The probable diagnosis of granulocytopenia as a dipyrone-related adverse drug reaction was established. Although rare, dipyrone-related granulocytopenia, may occur in patients who use this medication for long periods.

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