Resumen

MEDINA LITARDO, Reina Concepción et al. Rice cultivation production system in areas with high salinity of soil and water. Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecuaria [online]. 2023, vol.24, n.2, e2812.  Epub 31-Ago-2023. ISSN 0122-8706.  https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol24_num2_art:2812.

A total of 15 % of the world's soils are in processes of physical and chemical degradation and one of its causes is due to salinity. In the Guayas river basin, Ecuador, their soils present this type of deterioration, reason for this study whose objective was to determine the salinity of water and soil, and the characterization of those of the rice production systems of San Jacinto de Yaguachi, Guayas province. In the 19 027 hectares analyzed, 99 sampling points were georeferenced for soil analysis. For irrigation water, 10 sites were selected for chemical analysis. In the diagnosis of the SPAs, 2 235 UPAs were considered and 113 surveys were applied, using descriptive statistics, the 51 variables were analyzed with Infostat. From the results it was known that the soil in Yaguachi is vertisol, clayey. Slightly acidic water. Of the study area, 6,533.87 ha presented salinity problems. The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers without orientation of soil and water analysis, generate pollution. It is concluded that both soil and water are relevant limiting factors for rice production in the canton of San Jacinto de Yaguachi since the soil is saline. In addition, it was found that monoculture has determined that there are rice savannas, with an absence of diversified flora, exacerbating pest problems and consequently increasing dependence on agrochemicals.

Palabras clave : productivity; soil analysis; soil salinity; rice production; water analysis; water quality.

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