Objective.

To present some reflections regarding the category “social question” in the contemporary debate of the social sciences and Social Work, considering its relevance to understand the genesis and disciplinary development.

Discussion.

The contributions of referents of French sociology and of Latin American productions that call for a de-European and situated thinking and a Marxist perspective are analyzed.

Conclusions.

On the basis of the aspects analyzed, explanations are argued that go in depth with respect to analytical positions that, inheritors of Marxist thought, understand the “social question” as an expression of the contradiction between capital and labor in the framework of capitalist sociability. This question allows understanding that, far from being an abstract category, it is a central element in the intervention processes of Social Work in contemporary society.

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