Introduction:

It is estimated that 86% of patients receiving a renal transplant have an infection by multiresistant microorganisms, mainly urinary tract (UTI) in post-transplant, which is associated with poor prognosis of the graft and patient.

Objective:

To describe the main mechanisms of resistance found in the colonization of the urinary tract from a patient after being submitted to a renal transplant and some risk factors that increase the likelihood of complications of this postoperative.

Materials and methods:

A review of literature in databases such as Medline, Embase and Science Direct was conducted, using key words validated from 2007 to 2017.

Results:

The risk factors associated with the acquisition of UTI after a renal transplant are female sex, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract anomalies and instrumentation of the urethra. The microorganisms associated with renal transplantation are MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in 20% in rooms of nephrology and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae type ESBL in 30% and 28% respectively.

Conclusions:

The mechanisms of resistance of higher prevalence in transplants are caused by bacteria producing ESBL, associated with the post-transplant prophylaxis performed.

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