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Antipoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología
versão impressa ISSN 1900-5407
Resumo
UGALDE, María Fernanda. The Rebel Potters: A Vision of Gender Relations, Female Oppression, and Patriarchy Based within Ecuadorian Archaeology. Antipod. Rev. Antropol. Arqueol. [online]. 2019, n.36, pp.33-56. ISSN 1900-5407. https://doi.org/10.7440/antipoda36.2019.03.
Objective/context:
In the light of Engels' proposal on the origin and consolidation of patriarchy, this article proposes a re-reading of some iconographic elements of the period of Regional Development of the coast of Ecuador. The anthropomorphic figurines of the Tolita/Tumaco, Bahia, and Jama Coaque cultures, famous for their aesthetic value, present evidence of asymmetrical gender relations that have so far not been observed or thematized in literature.
Methodology:
The article is based on the iconographic analysis that the author has been conducting for over a decade. The iconography is contrasted with Engels' theory from a feminist approach. It includes a reflection on different historical and contemporary episodes that reveal a patriarchal and machista system prevailing in Ecuador, about which the author also presents an introspective vision from her own experience as an academic.
Conclusions:
The early iconography of the Ecuadorian coast shows a substantial change between the Formative and Regional Development periods. The increase in social stratification and the accumulation of wealth probably led to the establishment of a patriarchal ideology, justified through iconography as a means of mass transmission of messages.
Originality:
This article provides in-depth coverage, for the first time, of the discussion on inequality in gender relations in pre-Hispanic Ecuador and material evidence of an ideological discourse tending to naturalize such inequality, through an ideal of subordination of female characters to male ones.
Palavras-chave : Activism; Ecuadorian archaeology; feminism; gender archaeology; patriarchy; pre-Hispanic iconography.