Resumo

GROS, Alexis. What is phenomenology? A brief and up-to-date introduction for sociologists. Rev. colomb. soc. [online]. 2023, vol.46, n.1, pp.293-324.  Epub 03-Maio-2024. ISSN 0120-159X.  https://doi.org/10.15446/rcs.v46n1/94966.

Phenomenology is a school of thought founded by Edmund Husserl at the beginning of the 20th century and continued by authors such as Max Scheler, Martin Heidegger, Aron Gurwitsch, Eugen Fink, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Emmanuel Lévinas, and Michel Henry. Despite its philosophical nature and origin, it is a multidisci-plinary tradition. Its greatest exponent in the field of sociology is Alfred Schutz, interna-tionally recognized as the founding father of social phenomenology or phenomenological sociology. With few exceptions, in spanish-speaking sociology there are practically no exhaustive and up-to-date confrontations with phenomenology in general and with the work of Schutz and his disciples. The phenomenological deficit of sociological literature in spanish is a consequence of four epistemological obstacles: a) language barriers that make it difficult to access the relevant bibliography; b) complications in the interdisci-plinary relationship between philosophy and sociology; c) negative prejudices against the social-phenomenological and phenomenological approach; and d) imprecise uses of the term "phenomenology". This article starts from the premise that the relevance of the phenomenological approach for sociology can only be fully appreciated if one has a complete understanding of phenomenology in its original philosophical sense. To correct the shortcomings of the spanish-speaking literature, in this text I intend to provide an updated introduction to the phenomenological approach especially aimed at sociologists. The article is structured into four sections. In the first one I give a preliminary definition of phenomenology as a theoretical "style". In the second one I attempt to circumscribe its subject matter: the field of pre-theoretical experience; the third section expounds the main features of the phenomenological method; and the fourth one gives an overview of the way in which phenomenology can be applied in the field of sociology.

Palavras-chave : Alfred Schutz; phenomenology; phenomenological sociology; social phenomenology; sociological theory.

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