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Biomédica
versão impressa ISSN 0120-4157versão On-line ISSN 2590-7379
Resumo
MOLLINEDO, Juan Sergio et al. Leishmaniasis en Bolivia. Comprehensive review and current status in Tarija, in the border with Argentina. Biomédica [online]. 2020, vol.40, suppl.1, pp.45-61. Epub 20-Ago-2020. ISSN 0120-4157. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.4990.
Introduction:
In the department of Tarija in the Bolivian-Argentine border, human cases with ulcers on uncovered parts of the skin plus clinical and epidemiological characteristics related to leishmaniasis were reported for the first time in 1997.
Objective:
To describe and to verify the presence of leishmaniasis in Tarija, sixth endemic department in Bolivia.
Materials and methods:
We conducted both an outbreak study (November, 1998, to December, 2002) and a longitudinal study (1997 to 2018) in humans, as well as captures of Phlebotominae and potential reservoirs.
Results:
A total of 1,250 patients were registered; in the outbreaks, 190 (1998) to 249 cases (2002) were reported and inter-epidemic periods with 37 cases as an annual average; 68% of the patients were highland migrants who inhabited precarious housing near residual forests. The predominant sex was male (ratio 2:1); the most affected group (363/584 cases, 62%) was the economically active (15 to 49 years old); 124/584 cases (21%) were children under 15 years old, 33/584 of them were under 4 years old; 51 patients/584 (8.7%) had mucosal lesions. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis was isolated and characterized from mucous ulcers of sick dogs. Nyssomyia neivai, an abundant anthropophilic species incriminated as a probable vector, was captured.
Conclusions:
The initial 1997 leishmaniosis presence in the municipality of Bermejo had spread out over four municipalities in 2018 (Padcaya, Caraparí, Entre Ríos, and Yacuiba), northeast of the department of Tarija.
Palavras-chave : leishmaniasis; Leishmania braziliensis; Bolivia; Argentina.