Resumo

DURANGO ALVAREZ, Gerardo. Affirmative action as mechanism for gender equality in inclusive political participation: Ecuador, Bolivia, Costa Rica, and Colombia. Rev. Derecho [online]. 2016, n.45, pp.137-168. ISSN 0121-8697.

This article addresses the issue of affirmative action as the equalizing mechanism of social inequalities and democratic spaces for disadvantaged groups. The affirmative actions have played an important in role the expanding spaces the political participation of women's, indigenous and Afrodescendants in the struggle claiming these rights in practice obstructed by political groups and movements as part of those in power. For example, there are some countries that have recently established gender equalizing laws as Costa Rica, Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador have allowed greater access to public elected office under conditions of equality and inclusión -in habermasianos terms-, of disadvantaged groups. But other countries such as Chile, Brazil and Panama presented a Formal rules of equal access to political participation that in practice have prevented a real inclusion of effective participation of women, indigenous and Afro in Congress in these countries there.

Palavras-chave : quota laws; gender equality; Congress; participation; democracy and fundamental rights.

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