Abstract

BONILLA S, Nohora Patricia et al. Frecuency study of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease development in tertiary hospital in Colombia. Acta Neurol Colomb. [online]. 2014, vol.30, n.3, pp.149-155. ISSN 0120-8748.

Introduction. The epidemiological and clinical features of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) vary according to environmental racial, gender and cultural factors, for this reason, knowledge of the epidemiology of CVD risk factors in our population is very important and provides key elements in terms of public health. Objective. To determine the frequency of risk factors for the development of CVD and its development time, as well and the number of patients receiving treatment for these risk factors, their adherence to it, in terms of following recommendations of diet and physical activity. Materials and Methods. We performed an observational, case series, in patients over 18 years old who consulted for ischemic CVD in the period between January 2009 and September 2013. Patients were identified by ICD-10 codes in the database for those records or associated with a diagnosis of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease. Thus, 220 patients met the inclusion criteria. For data collection, a questionnaire was designed to be applied to each of the records. The information collected was entered in a database in Excel. Descriptive analysis was performed using STATA statistical software version 12.0. Measures of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables and frequencies and proportions for nominal and ordinal variables were estimated. Results. The average age was 72.7 (SD 12.7) years. There was a predominance of males (50.4%). Most of the population is concentrated in urban areas (62.1%). The predominant educational level was university (35.8%). 86% presented with stroke and 14% with TIA. 24.5% had a history of CVD and 6.36% had family heritage for CVD. The prevalence of hypertension was 78.6%, mellitus diabetes type 2: 25.5%, coronary disease: 25%, peripheral arterial disease: 29.5% (main carotid disease 89.2%), obesity: 9.54%, dyslipidemia: 55.9% (mixed dyslipidemia prevalence of 52.8%) and smoking: 32.8. Conclusions. The frequency of CVD risk factors seems to have increased compared to previous studies, possibly due to unhealthy changes in the lifestyle of the population. This study provides information regarding drug treatment and adherence to therapy, and considers the importance of making a correct diagnosis of risk factors; additionally, it is essential that an appropriate treatment be stated and above all, that patients are adherent to such therapy in order to get the expected results. This will pose new challenges in terms of education in order to achieve the goals set in the control of each of the variables and make a positive impact on the epidemiology of CVD.

Keywords : Prevalence; Risk Factors; Cerebrovascular Disease; Cerebrovascular Attack; Transient Ischemic Attack; Cerebral Atherosclerosis; Hypertension.

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