SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

 
vol.49 suppl.1First record of a Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Rosario and San Bernardo Corals National Natural Park, Colombian CaribbeanContribution of the Marine Protected Areas of the National Natural Park System to the ecosystems representativeness of Colombia author indexsubject indexarticles search
Home Pagealphabetic serial listing  

Services on Demand

Journal

Article

Indicators

Related links

  • On index processCited by Google
  • Have no similar articlesSimilars in SciELO
  • On index processSimilars in Google

Share


Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR

Print version ISSN 0122-9761

Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost. vol.49  supl.1 Santa Marta Dec. 2020  Epub Sep 06, 2021

https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2020.49.suplesp.1075 

Notes

Ichthyofauna of the marine area of Vía Parque Isla Salamanca, Magdalena, Colombia

Diana C. Sánchez-Rodríguez1  * 
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-9674

Arturo Acero P.2 
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6637-9901

Efraín Viloria-Maestre3 
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-7310

Francisco A. Villa-Navarro4 
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-188X

Patricia Saldaña5 
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7349-4908

1Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia.

2Instituto de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar (Cecimar), Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe, playa Salguero, Santa Marta, Colombia. aacerop@unal.edu.co

3Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras “José Benito Vives de Andréis” (Invemar), playa Salguero, Santa Marta, Colombiaefrain.viloria@invemar.org.co

4Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia. favilla@ut.edu.co

5Unidad Administrativa de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Vía Parque Isla de Salamanca, Magdalena, Colombia. patricia.saldana@parquesnacionales.gov.co


ABSTRACT

Monthly samplings of fish catches obtained by traditional beach seine were carried out between 2006 and 2007, recording an important portion of the Caribbean ichthyofauna of the continental shelf:10 114 individuals belonging to 16 families and 31 species. The families Carangidae and Sciaenidae are mentioned among the most widely represented in the Caribbean, while the most abundant species was Oligoplites saurus. From the list of species, seven are included in the Red Book of Marine Fishes of Colombia; five between the categories Critically Endangered (CR) and Vulnerable (VU), and two in the category Near Threatened (NT). These results are a technical and scientific input for decision making, to fulfill the conservation and management mission which was the aim when this protected area was created.

KEY WORDS: Colombian Caribbean; marine protected areas; fish fauna; artisanal fishing.

RESUMEN

Entre 2006 y 2007 se realizaron muestreos mensuales de las capturas de peces obtenidas con chinchorro de arrastre tradicional, donde se registró una porción importante de la ictiofauna caribeña de la plataforma continentalː 10 114 individuos pertenecientes a 16 familias y 31 especies. Las familias Carangidae y Sciaenidae se mencionan entre las de mayor representación del Caribe, mientras que la especie más abundante fue Oligoplites saurus. Del listado de especies, siete se encuentran incluidas en el Libro Rojo de Peces Marinos de Colombia; cinco entre las categorías de En Peligro Crítico (CR) y Vulnerable (VU), y dos en la categoría Casi Amenazada (NT). Estos resultados son un soporte técnico y científico para la toma de decisiones, cumpliendo así con la misión y gestión de conservación para la cual ha sido creada esta área protegida.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Caribe colombiano; áreas marinas protegidas; fauna íctica; pesca artesanal

Vía Parque Isla Salamanca, located on the Colombian north coast (Magdalena Department), in the jurisdiction of the municipalities of Sitionuevo and Puebloviejo, is a protected area of strict conservation of the Colombian System of National Parks (Figure 1). It is bordered to the north by the Caribbean Sea, to the south by the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta and Caño Clarín Nuevo, to the east by the small village of Tasajera (Puebloviejo) and to the west by the Magdalena River (UAESPNN, 2004). The ecosystems of the Vía Parque include sandy beaches; however, the only study of fish fauna in the marine area, was carried out in 2006, when the Special Administrative Unit of the National Parks System adopted the SIPEIN (Invemar’s Fisheries Information System) as a tool to assess the pressure of fishing on hydrobiological resources, and to design management and conservation measures.

Figure 1 Vía Parque Isla Salamanca (shaded sector) and the sampling area A-B (coastline towards the sea). Sourceː file VP Isla Salamanca. 

On the other hand, the marine and coastal areas are of great diversity, making them one of the most productive ecosystems on the planet (Eichbaum et al., 1996). In Colombia, fish biodiversity is one of the largest in South America ( Polanco and Acero, 2020), but the lack of records at the species level and the discontinuity and scarce geographical coverage of fisheries data (Chasqui et al., 2017) makes it necessary continue studying and monitoring marine fish, as well as assessing multispecies stocks (Duarte and Schiller, 1997). This information allows directing specific actions and management proposals towards the conservation of coastal marine fish species (Manjarrés, 2004).

The little knowledge of the marine area of the Park as well as the lack of records on fish biodiversity in the Colombian Caribbean, lead this study, in order to know the assemblages that occur in the VP Isla Salamanca. Monthly catches were evaluated (between September 2006 and April 2007), obtained with a beach seine known as chinchorro (total mesh lengthː 500 m, mesh eye 7.5 cm, total length of the cod-endː 8 m, cod-end mesh eyeː 5.5 cm). Twenty-five (25) hauls were made with artisanal fishermen from the village of Tasajera, who had the necessary experience in using the gear and knowledge of the sampling area (Figure 2). This method is the least selective fishing in the area, and guarantees a greater representation of species and individuals of different sizes.

Figure 2 Artisanal fishermen of Tasajera operating a chinchorro (beach seine). 

Captured individuals were counted and identified using the guides of Cervigón et al. (1992) and Carpenter (2002) at the sampling site, and the taxonomy was later revised according to Robertson et al. (2019) and Fricke et al. (2020). The fish that could not be identified were collected in hermetic plastic bags and transported to Invemar for identification in the laboratory.

A total of 10 114 individuals were collected, belonging to 16 families and 31 species. Families Carangidae and Sciaenidae were the better represented (Table 1). The richness found in this study is lower than that reported in adjacent marine waters (59 species; SEPEC, 2019), from the estuarine area (87 species; Santos-Martínez and Acero, 1991), and from the Banco de las Ánimas (85 species; Acero and García-Urueña 2020). Differences may be explained by the frequency and time spam of samplings, as well as by the methodology used in relation to the evaluated ecosystem, demonstrating the ecosystem heterogeneity in a part of coastal-marine area in the north of the Department of Magdalena. The greatest coincidences were with the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (26), evidencing an important diversity, due to temporary variations in abundance and composition of species targeted by fishing, linked to global climate variability, and associated with changes in salinity (Invemar, 2019).

Table 1 Fish species registered in the marine area of the VP Isla Salamanca, and comparison with studies adjacent to the study area: A) SEPEC (2019). B) Zubiria et al. (2009). C) Rueda and Defeo (2003). D) Sánchez and Rueda (1999). E) Santos-Martínez and Acero (1991). F) Invemar (2019). G) Acero and García-Urueña (2020). H) Navas et al. (2017).. 

Seven fished species are included in the Colombian Red Book of Marine Fishes (Chasqui et al., 2017); five of them with some category of threat, and only one of them considered Vulnerable globally (IUCN, 2020; Table 2). Threat identification criteria vary in regional, national and global scales, taking into account anthropogenic factors to which fish populations are being exposed. In the case of marine species, different pressures have been mentioned, such as resource overexploitation, use of inappropriate fishing gear, chaotic developments in coastal areas, direct sewage discharge into the sea, increase in maritime traffic, excessive and unsustainable tourist activity, and lack of clear legislation on coastal marine issues, among others (Chasqui et al., 2017).

Table 2 Species registered in the marine area of the VP Isla Salamanca and included in the National Red Book (Chasqui et al., 2017) and the global Red List (IUCN, 2020). 

These results contribute to take management proposals towards the protection of hydrobiological resources in the marine area of the Vía Parque. Some of them are articulate conservation measures for mangrove areas adjacent to the marine area of the Park, proposing studies of distribution, biology and ecology of fish species, establishing closures and minimum catch sizes for non-commercial fish species, and developing interinstitutional management to carry out environmental education; the mission and conservation management for which this protected area has been created will be then fulfilled.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was part of the first author thesis to obtain the degree of Biologist at the University of Tolima, and had the support of the Administrative Unit of National Parks. The authors thank Professors Jacobo Blanco (RIP), Juan Carlos Narváez, and Héctor Fabio Sáenz for their help, the fishermen of Tasajera-Magdalena for their collaboration in the using the chinchorro, and the anonymous reviewers for their corrections and suggestions. Contribution 507 from Cecimar and 1287 from Invemar.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA/LITERATURE CITED

Acero, P. A. y R. ,García-Urueña. 2020. Peces del Banco de las Ánimas. 25-40. En: García-Urueña, R. (Ed.). El Banco de las Ánimas: valoración de su biodiversidad. Univ. Magdalena, Santa Marta. 136 p. [ Links ]

Carpenter, K.E. (Ed.). 2002. Species identification guide for fishery purposes the living marine resources of the western central Atlantic. FAO, Rome. 2127 p. [ Links ]

Cervigón, F., R., Cipriani, W., Fischer, L., Garibaldi, M., Hendrickx, A.J., Lemus, R., Márquez, J.M., Poutiers, G., Robaina y B., Rodríguez. 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aguas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Roma. 513 p. [ Links ]

Chasqui ,V. L. A., Polanco ,F., A., Acero ,P.A., Mejía-Falla, A., Navia, L.A., Zapata, y J.P., Caldas. (Eds.). 2017. Libro rojo de peces marinos de Colombia. Ser. Publ. Gen. Invemar, (93), 552 p. [ Links ]

Duarte, L. y D. ,von Schiller. 1997. Comunidad de peces demersales del Golfo de Salamanca (Caribe colombiano): estructura espacio-temporal y caracterización trófica con énfasis en los hábitos alimenticios de Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828), Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758), Balistes capriscus (Gmelin, 1788) y Balistes vetula (Linneaus, 1758). Tesis Biol. Mar., Univ. de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Santa Marta. 184 p. [ Links ]

Eichbaum, W.M., M.P., Crosby, M.T., Agardy, and S.A., Laskin. 1996. The role of marine and coastal protected areas in the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. Ocenography, 9(1): 60-70. [ Links ]

Fricke, R., W.N., Eschmeyer, and R., Van der Laan (Eds.). 2020. Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp. 12/09/2020. [ Links ]

Invemar. 2019. Monitoreo de las condiciones ambientales y los cambios estructurales y funcionales de las comunidades vegetales y de los recursos pesqueros durante la rehabilitación de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Informe técnico final. Invemar, Santa Marta. 214 p. [ Links ]

IUCN. 2020. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2020-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org.17/10/2020. [ Links ]

Manjarrés, L. 2004. Estadísticas pesqueras artesanales de los departamentos de Magdalena y La Guajira, con aplicación de herramientas informáticas para su sistematización y procesamiento. Universidad Magdalena-INPA-Colciencias, Santa Marta. 72 p. [ Links ]

Navas, R., A., Acosta, L., Sánchez, J., González, M., Ontiveros, J.A. ,Rodríguez-Rodríguez y P., Obando. 2017. Caracterización del ecosistema asociado al sector de las Ánimas, departamento del Magdalena. Anexo 4. Convenio de cooperación n.° 005-2016-PNSA-Invemar, Santa Marta. [ Links ]

Polanco, F. A. y Acero, P. 2020. Biodiversidad de peces marinos del Caribe colombiano. 23-27. En: Conservación Internacional Colombia y WWF. La pesca en Colombiaː del agua a la mesa. Conservación Internacional Colombia y WWF, Envigado. 98 p. [ Links ]

Robertson, D.R., E.A., Peña, J.M. ,Posada y R., Claro. 2019. Peces costeros del Gran Caribe: sistema de información en línea. Version 2.0. Inst. Smithsonian Invest. Trop., Balboa, Panamá. https://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/caribbeanLinks ]

Rueda, M. and O. ,Defeo. 2003. Spatial structure of fish assemblages in a tropical estuarine lagoon: combining multivariate and geostatistical techniques. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 93-112. [ Links ]

Sánchez, C. y Rueda, M. 1999. Variación de la diversidad y abundancia de especies ícticas dominantes en el delta del río Magdalena, Colombia. Rev. Biol. Trop., 47(4): 1067-1079. [ Links ]

Santos-Martínez, A. and Acero, P. 1991. Fish community of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia) composición and zoogeography. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 2(3): 247-263. [ Links ]

SEPEC. 2019. Servicio estadístico pesquero colombiano. http://sepec.aunap.gov.co/. 13/09/2020. [ Links ]

UAESPNN. 2004. Plan de manejo Vía Parque Isla de Salamanca 2005-2009. Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Barranquilla. 136 p. [ Links ]

Zubiria, W., Lacayo, A., Acero, P. y J., Narváez. 2009. Diversidad y abundancia de la ictiofauna de un complejo de lagunas costeras en una reserva natural del Caribe colombiano. Mem. Fund. La Salle Cienc. Nat., 170: 125-139. [ Links ]

Received: August 01, 2020; Accepted: November 08, 2020

*Autora de correspondencia. biologist0104@gmail.com

Creative Commons License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License